Consider these sentence letters. P: Plato is a philosopher. Q: Plato lives in Athens. R: Aristotle is a philosopher. Original Answers Only

Argument Structure Exercises

Exercise: Put the following simple arguments into standard form.

  1. Tuition rates have not increased, but room and board has. College is therefore more expensive, since students have to cover both of these costs.
  2. I followed the recipe on the box, but the dessert tasted awful. Some of the ingredients must have been spoiled.
  3. Capital punishment is not a deterrent to crime. In those states which have abolished the death penalty, the rate of incidence for serious crimes is lower than in those which have retained it.

Exercise: Put the following complex arguments into standard form.

  1. The Tigers are likely to lose this final game since it is a road game and they’ve done poorly on the road all season. If they lose this one, the coach will almost certainly befired. The coach’s job is therefore in jeopardy.
  2. We know that Miss Scarlett and Professor Plum were in the study at the time of the murder since they were seen there. And Reverend Green had the candlestick in the ballroom, and so we know that Green was not involved in the murder. Hence Colonel Mustard did it in the kitchen with the lead pipe. Recall, after all, that the gun had not been fired.
  3. He signed on to teach Phil 3, and therefore he should lecture all quarter. So if he cancels the last 4 weeks of class, he has not done his job.
  4. You’ll pass Phil 3 if you work hard. There has never been a hard-working student who failed, so there probably never will be one.

Exercise: Put the following arguments (all of which have implicit premises and/or an implicit conclusion) into standard form.

  1. Jacob eats meat, which just goes to show that you don’t have to be vegetarian to be a good person.
  2. If you were a good father, you wouldn’t have allowed me to watch so much television.
  3. The only people who had access to the midterm were the TAs and the professor. None of the TAs had posted the midterm online, but it had indeed been posted online.
  1. Argument Evaluation Exercises

Exercise: Consider the following deductive argument. Are the premises true? Is it valid? Are the premises relevant to the conclusion? In each case briefly explain why.

Everyone who smokes gets lung cancer.

Everyone who gets lung cancer suffers a painful death. Everyone who smokes suffers a painful death.

Exercise: For each of the following deductive arguments: Is it valid? Why or why not? 1.

Some Americans like hamburgers.

Joe likes hamburgers.

  • Joe is American.2.
    Some Americans like hamburgers. Joe is American.
  • Joe likes hamburgers. 3.No Americans like hamburgers.Joe is not American.
  • Joe likes hamburgers.4.
    No Americans like hamburgers. Joe likes hamburgers.
  • Joe is not American. 5.Socrates is a man.All men are carrots.
  • Socrates is a carrot.6.
    Abe Lincoln was either born in Illinois or he was once president. Abe Lincoln was never president.
  • Abe Lincoln was born in Illinois. 7.If I pull the trigger, Abe Lincoln will die.I do not pull the trigger.
  • Abe Lincoln will not die.8.
    Abe Lincoln was either from France or from Luxembourg. Abe Lincoln was not from Luxembourg.
  • Abe Lincoln was from France. 9.If the world were to end today, then I would not need to get up tomorrow morning.I will need to get up tomorrow morning.
  • The world will not end today.
See also  Address the need for strong leadership in the workplace.

Exercise: Evaluate the following inductive arguments with respect to Criterion 2. Is it a strong inductive argument? Why or why not?

1.
Most Americans like hamburgers. Joe is American.

  • Joe likes hamburgers. 2.Most Americans like hamburgers.Joe likes hamburgers.
  • Joe is American.3.
    Philosophy majors are rarely enrolled in Phil 3.
    Anthropology majors are often enrolled in Phil 3.
    Bob is a student in Phil 3.
    There are only two kinds of students in Phil 3, philosophy majors and anthropology majors.
  • Bob is an anthropology major.Exercise: Consider the statement A): Santa Barbara is in California.
  1. Give an argument for A that satisfies Criterion 1. Give an argument for A that fails tosatisfy Criterion 1. (Recall that an argument for A is one that has A as its conclusion.)
  2. Give an argument for A that satisfies Criterion 2 (i.e. either it is valid or it is inductivelystrong). Give an argument for A that fails to satisfy Criterion 2 (i.e. it is not valid nor is itinductively strong).
  3. Give an argument for A that satisfies Criterion 3. Give an argument for A that fails tosatisfy Criterion 3.
  4. Can you give an argument for A that satisfies all three criteria? If yes, then give one, ifno, then say why.

Exercise: Consider the statement B): Santa Barbara is not in California.

  1. Give an argument for B that satisfies Criterion 1. Give an argument for B that fails tosatisfy Criterion 1. (Recall that an argument for B is one that has B as its conclusion.)
  2. Give an argument for B that satisfies Criterion 2 (i.e. either it is valid or it is inductivelystrong). Give an argument for B that fails to satisfy Criterion 2 (i.e. it is not valid nor is itinductively strong).
  3. Give an argument for B that satisfies Criterion 3. Give an argument for B that fails tosatisfy Criterion 3.
  4. Can you give an argument for B that satisfies all three criteria? If yes, then give one, ifno, then say why.

Exercise: Can there be:

  1. A valid argument with one false premise and one true premise?
  2. A valid argument that only has false premises?
  3. A valid argument with only false premises and a false conclusion?
  1. A valid argument with a false conclusion?
  2. A valid argument with only true premises and a false conclusion?
  3. A sound argument with one false premise and one true premise?
  4. A sound argument that only has false premises?
  5. A sound argument with only false premises and a false conclusion?
  6. A sound argument with a false conclusion?
  7. A sound argument with only true premises and a false conclusion?

In each case: if so, give an example; if not, explain why not.

See also  What sampling procedure was used? Discuss in detail and in your own words how the sample was selected and collected. Original Answers Only

III. Argument Formalization Exercises

Exercise: Consider these sentence letters. P: Plato is a philosopher. Q: Plato lives in Athens. R: Aristotle is a philosopher. Express the form of each of the following English sentences in the language of propositional logic.

  1. If Plato is a philosopher, then he lives in Athens.
  2. Plato and Aristotle are both philosophers.
  3. If Plato is a philosopher and Aristotle is a philosopher, then Plato does not live in Athens.
  4. Either Plato is a philosopher or he lives in Athens.
  5. Aristotle is a philosopher if and only if Plato is a philosopher and lives in Athens.
  6. It is not the case that if Aristotle is a philosopher, Plato is a philosopher too.
  7. If Aristotle is not a philosopher, then Plato is a philosopher.

Exercise: Consider these sentence letters. M: Those creatures are men in suits. C: Those creatures are chimpanzees. G: Those creatures are gorillas. Express the form of each of the following English sentences in the language of propositional logic.

  1. Those creatures are not men in suits.
  2. Those creatures are men in suits, or they are not.
  3. Those creatures are either gorillas or chimpanzees.
  4. Those creatures are neither gorillas nor chimpanzees.
  5. If those creatures are chimpanzees, then they are neither gorillas nor men in suits.

Exercise: Consider these sentence letters. P: Pam is going. Q: Quincy is going. R: Richard is going. S: Sara is going. Translate each of the following arguments into the language of propositional logic. (In other words, put them into standard form and then translate their premises and conclusion into the language of propositional logic.)

  1. Pam is going. If Pam is going, then Quincy is going. Quincy is going if and only if Richard is not going. If Sara is going, then Richard is going. Therefore, Sara is not going.
  2. Either Quincy is going or Pam is going. Pam is going only if Sara is going. Sara is not going. Therefore, Quincy is going.

 

Custompaper.help is an academic writing platform that provides students and professionals with quality services to ease their assignment challenges. With a wide range of services, the platform has become one of the leading academic writing service providers in the market due to its reliability and affordability. Below, we shall discuss some of the services which Custompaper.help provides:

Essay Writing Service
The essay writing service provides customers with quality essays on any subject or topic they requested within a given deadline. The writers at custompaper are experts in their respective fields, and they ensure customer satisfaction by producing original content with thorough research involved backed up with strong evidence from reliable sources available online or offline. All essays come with free plagiarism reports as well as revisions if needed so that customers can trust that they are getting high-quality work for their money’s worth.

Research Paper Writing Service
This is another popular service offered by custom paper help wherein customers are assisted in conducting research papers according to their needs and requirements within specified deadlines. Writers at custom paper help have vast knowledge about various topics belonging to different disciplines such as Management, Arts & Humanities, History etc., allowing them to craft impeccable research papers every time regardless of the complexity or urgency level requested by customers. Additionally, all our research papers come along with proper citation formats which ensures customer’s safety when it comes to plagiarism issues while also helping them save time on formatting procedures thus improving overall efficiency even further!

See also  Explain how you would engage her in treatment, identifying potential cultural considerations related to substance use.

Dissertation Writing Service
CustomPaperHelp also offers dissertation writing assistance for those who need it most – students preparing for graduation or professionals wanting to further refine their skills through higher education levels such as Master/PhD degrees etc, Our team of writers consists of experienced individuals having Master’s/PhD degrees themselves so you can rest assured that your dissertation will be handled expertly from the start till the end! Furthermore, we offer unlimited revisions until your complete satisfaction is achieved, along with regular checkups being done throughout the process just so everything goes according to course without any hiccups!

Editing And Proofreading Services
If you already have written an essay but want professional feedback before submitting it, then CustomPaperHelp also offers editing & proofreading services which helps in identifying & rectifying errors present in assignments like grammar mistakes, spelling mistakes, punctuation problems etc., thereby ensuring top-notch quality work, before submission takes place! We understand how important accuracy & consistency are when it comes to grading systems used at universities nowadays, so taking extra care during this phase becomes absolutely essential if good grades are desired afterward!

Coursework Help
For those who find coursework difficult due to complications of being quite technical in nature; CustomPaperHelp extends its support here too, by providing quality solutions every single time – starting from understanding concepts properly up until composing flawless answers following university guidelines closely enough making sure no loopholes remain whatsoever! Whether it’s related math problem-solving algorithms or lengthy home assignments – our expert panel has got you covered from head-to-toe leaving no stone unturned during this very crucial stage since final grades depend largely upon the success rate achieved here successfully!

Assignment Help
Assignments form an integral part of getting better scores & ultimately, a degree itself (in case pursuing a masters/PhD) – something only possible if precision is made a priority right away; otherwise, chances of failure increase exponentially over a time period detrimentally affecting performance evaluation systems later down road drastically hence stressing timely importance completion prior commencement other operations associated same project altogether consistently meeting high standards expected each situation respectively! Here too, CustomPaperHelp presents comprehensive solution package exceeding expectations beyond point offering optimal values therein ensuring maximum satisfaction reached under circumstances prevailing accordingly without fail…proving once more why people trust us implicitly without second thought whatsoever!!

Calculate your paper price
Pages (550 words)
Approximate price: -

Why Choose Us

Quality Papers

We value our clients. For this reason, we ensure that each paper is written carefully as per the instructions provided by the client. Our editing team also checks all the papers to ensure that they have been completed as per the expectations.

Professional Academic Writers

Over the years, our Acme Homework has managed to secure the most qualified, reliable and experienced team of writers. The company has also ensured continued training and development of the team members to ensure that it keep up with the rising Academic Trends.

Affordable Prices

Our prices are fairly priced in such a way that ensures affordability. Additionally, you can get a free price quotation by clicking on the "Place Order" button.

On-Time delivery

We pay strict attention on deadlines. For this reason, we ensure that all papers are submitted earlier, even before the deadline indicated by the customer. For this reason, the client can go through the work and review everything.

100% Originality

At Custom Paper Help, all papers are plagiarism-free as they are written from scratch. We have taken strict measures to ensure that there is no similarity on all papers and that citations are included as per the standards set.

Customer Support 24/7

Our support team is readily available to provide any guidance/help on our platform at any time of the day/night. Feel free to contact us via the Chat window or support email: support@acmehomework.com.

Try it now!

Calculate the price of your order

We'll send you the first draft for approval by at
Total price:
$0.00

How it works?

Follow these simple steps to get your paper done

Place your order

Fill in the order form and provide all details of your assignment.

Proceed with the payment

Choose the payment system that suits you most.

Receive the final file

Once your paper is ready, we will email it to you.

Our Services

Custom Paper Help has stood as the world’s leading custom essay writing services providers. Once you enter all the details in the order form under the place order button, the rest is up to us.

Essays

Essay Writing Services

At Custom Paper Help, we prioritize on all aspects that bring about a good grade such as impeccable grammar, proper structure, zero-plagiarism and conformance to guidelines. Our experienced team of writers will help you completed your essays and other assignments.

Admissions

Admission and Business Papers

Be assured that you’ll definitely get accepted to the Master’s level program at any university once you enter all the details in the order form. We won’t leave you here; we will also help you secure a good position in your aspired workplace by creating an outstanding resume or portfolio once you place an order.

Editing

Editing and Proofreading

Our skilled editing and writing team will help you restructure you paper, paraphrase, correct grammar and replace plagiarized sections on your paper just on time. The service is geared toward eliminating any mistakes and rather enhancing better quality.

Coursework

Technical papers

We have writers in almost all fields including the most technical fields. You don’t have to worry about the complexity of your paper. Simply enter as much details as possible in the place order section.