micro

Define Pathogen 
Define Infectious disease 
Define Infection
Define Primary Infection 
Define Secondary Infection 
Define Opportunistic Infection 
Define Accidental Infection
Define Pathogenicity 
Define Virulence 
Define Virulence Factors 
Define Lethal dose 
Outline the 4 steps a pathogen must complete to cause an infectious disease 
What is the difference between direct and indirect transmission? Provide examples 
What is a common vehicle transmission? Provide examples 
What is the criteria for Airborne transmission? Provide examples 
What are 3 criteria about skin that makes it an effective barrier against microbes? 
What are 3 criteria about mucous membranes that makes it an effective barrier against microbes? 
List one example of how a pathogen might penetrate a skin or mucous membrane barrier
Define Exotoxin and list at least 4 features they have 
Define Endotoxin and list at least 4 features they have 
List an example of a waterborne transmission disease 
List an example of a airborne transmission disease 
List an example of a contact transmission disease 
List an example of a vector transmission disease 
Influenza virus has an envelope that contains 2 types of protein spikes. Name and describe them 
Why are spike antigens good at evolving? 
Name 3 characteristics about latent and slow (persistent) Viral Infections 
How are viruses able to bring about cancer cell division? 
Describe the difference between Viruses and Retroviruses in regards to cancer development
What is a vaccination?
Define Attenuated Vaccines
Define Inactivated Vaccines
Define Subunit Vaccines
Define DNA Vaccines
Define Cutaneous Mycoses and its effect in humans 

THE CONTROL OF MICROORGANISMS  

Define Sterilization  
Define Bactericidal 
Define Bacteriostatic 
Describe sterilization by heat 
Describe sterilization by irradiation 
Describe sterilization by filtration 
What is disinfection? 
List and describe 3 types of disinfectants 
Describe the Kinetics of Cell death 
Draw and describe the kinetics of cell death for any microorganisms. 

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS  

Define Antibiotic 
What is a key component of antibiotics? 
Define Infection
Name 5 antibiotics and the diseases they are typically used for 
Name and describe 6 properties that antibiotics should have 
What are 4 ways that antibiotics work?
Describe and give an example of disruption of cell membranes as it relates to antibiotics 
Describe and give an example of inhibition of protein synthesis as it relates to antibiotics 
Describe and give an example of inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis  as it relates to antibiotics 
Summarize in 5 sentences resistance to antibiotics
Provide 5 examples and describe 5 different ways bacteria can be resistant to antibiotics
Summarize in 5 sentences how bacteria resistance arises 
Describe the pros and cons between broad-spectrum and narrow-spectrum antibiotics in 3 sentences
Define an Antiviral
Why are antiviral drugs not as common as antibacterial drugs? 
List and provide a example of the 4 ways antivirals work 
Describe how Antifungals work
List and describe 5 examples of Antifungal agents 
Why is it hard to target Antiprotozoal Agents?
List and describe examples of Antiprotozoal Agents (At least 3) 
Give a 3 sentence summary on the future of Antimicrobials (in your own words)