Need Help With – Pharmacology Case Study: Drug Therapy Plans and Prescription Writing Custom Paper Help

• Review the information provided and answer questions posed in the case study
• When recommending a medication, write out a complete prescription for the medication
• Whenever possible, use clinical practice guidelines in developing your answers when possible

Assignment: Case Studies Case studies are a useful way for you to apply your knowledge of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic aspects of pharmacology to specific patient cases and health histories. For this Assignment, you evaluate drug treatment plans for patients with various disorders and justify drug therapy plans based on patient history and diagnosis. Resources Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity. Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. WEEKLY RESOURCES To Prepare: Review the case study posted in “Announcements” by your Instructor for this Assignment Review the information provided and answer questions posed in the case study When recommending a medication, write out a complete prescription for the medication Whenever possible, use clinical practice guidelines in developing your answers when possible Include at least three references to support your answer and cite them in APA format. By Day 7 of Week 1 Submit the Assignment. submission information Before submitting your final assignment, you can check your draft for authenticity. To check your draft, access the Turnitin Drafts from the Start Here area. To submit your completed assignment, save your Assignment as WK1Assgn1_LastName_Firstinitial Then, click on Start Assignment near the top of the page. Next, click on Upload File and select Submit Assignment for review. Rubric NURS_6521_Week2_Assignment_Rubric NURS_6521_Week2_Assignment_Rubric Criteria Ratings Pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 1: Appropriate medication is prescribed or changed. Rationale provided and includes current literature to support decision. All aspects of the patient history are considered in making the medication selection. 15 to >11.0 pts Excellent Medication selected is appropriate and considers all of the unique patient characteristics. Rationale for selection is clear, complete, and appropriate. 11 to >7.0 pts Good Medication selected might be appropriate but conflicts with the unique patient characteristics. Rationale for selection is clear but lacks discussion about potential prescribing issues. 7 to >3.0 pts Fair Medication selected is not appropriate for this patient unique characteristics. Rationale provided is not correct or is flawed in applying the medication to this patient. 3 to >0 pts Poor Medication selected is inappropriate or would not be provided based on patient unique characteristics. 15 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 1: Written medication orders include all 5 aspects required for a valid order. The order is complete, accurate, and appropriate. 3 pts Complete Written medication orders includes all 5 aspects required for a valid order. The order is complete, accurate, and appropriate. 0 pts Poor The prescription is incomplete. Aspects of a complete order are missing. The order is either incomplete, inaccurate, or inappropriate. 3 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 1: References for the scenario are within past 5 years and include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. 4 pts Excellent References for the scenario are within past 5 years and include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Correct APA format is used. 3 pts Good References for the scenario are within past 5 years but do not include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Contains a few (1 or 2) APA format errors. 2 pts Fair References for the scenario are not from within the past 5 years or do not reflect the content of this scenario and do not include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Contains several (3 or 4) APA format errors. 0 pts Poor No references are included. References do not reflect the content of this scenario. Appropriate clinical practice guideline is not include. Contains many (? 5) APA format errors. 4 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 1: Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation 3 pts Excellent Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors. 2 pts Good Contains a few (1 or 2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 1 pts Fair Contains several (3 or 4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 0 pts Poor Contains many (? 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding. 3 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 2: Appropriate medication is prescribed or changed. Rationale provided and includes current literature to support decision. All aspects of the patient history are considered in making the medication selection. 15 to >11.0 pts Excellent Medication selected is appropriate and considers all of the unique patient characteristics. Rationale for selection is clear, complete, and appropriate. 11 to >7.0 pts Good Medication selected might be appropriate but conflicts with the unique patient characteristics. Rationale for selection is clear but lacks discussion about potential prescribing issues. 7 to >3.0 pts Fair Medication selected is not appropriate for this patient unique characteristics. Rationale provided is not correct or is flawed in applying the medication to this patient. 3 to >0 pts Poor Medication selected is inappropriate or would not be provided based on patient unique characteristics. 15 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 2: Written medication orders include all 5 aspects required for a valid order. The order is complete, accurate, and appropriate. 3 pts Complete Written medication orders includes all 5 aspects required for a valid order. The order is complete, accurate, and appropriate. 0 pts Poor The prescription is incomplete. Aspects of a complete order are missing. The order is either incomplete, inaccurate, or inappropriate. 3 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 2: References for the scenario are within past 5 years and include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. 4 pts Excellent References for the scenario are within past 5 years and include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Correct APA format is used. 3 pts Good References for the scenario are within past 5 years but do not include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Contains a few (1 or 2) APA format errors. 2 pts Fair References for the scenario are not from within the past 5 years or do not reflect the content of this scenario and do not include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Contains several (3 or 4) APA format errors. 0 pts Poor No references are included. References do not reflect the content of this scenario. Appropriate clinical practice guideline is not include. Contains many (? 5) APA format errors. 4 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 2: Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation 3 pts Excellent Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors. 2 pts Good Contains a few (1 or 2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 1 pts Fair Contains several (3 or 4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 0 pts Poor Contains many (? 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding. 3 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 3: Appropriate medication is prescribed or changed. Rationale provided and includes current literature to support decision. All aspects of the patient history are considered in making the medication selection. 15 to >11.0 pts Excellent Medication selected is appropriate and considers all of the unique patient characteristics. Rationale for selection is clear, complete, and appropriate. 11 to >7.0 pts Good Medication selected might be appropriate but conflicts with the unique patient characteristics. Rationale for selection is clear but lacks discussion about potential prescribing issues. 7 to >3.0 pts Fair Medication selected is not appropriate for this patient unique characteristics. Rationale provided is not correct or is flawed in applying the medication to this patient. 3 to >0 pts Poor Medication selected is inappropriate or would not be provided based on patient unique characteristics. 15 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 3: Written medication orders include all 5 aspects required for a valid order. The order is complete, accurate, and appropriate. 3 pts Complete Written medication orders includes all 5 aspects required for a valid order. The order is complete, accurate, and appropriate. 0 pts Poor The prescription is incomplete. Aspects of a complete order are missing. The order is either incomplete, inaccurate, or inappropriate. 3 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 3: References for the scenario are within past 5 years and include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. 4 pts Excellent References for the scenario are within past 5 years and include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Correct APA format is used. 3 pts Good References for the scenario are within past 5 years but do not include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Contains a few (1 or 2) APA format errors. 2 pts Fair References for the scenario are not from within the past 5 years or do not reflect the content of this scenario and do not include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Contains several (3 or 4) APA format errors. 0 pts Poor No references are included. References do not reflect the content of this scenario. Appropriate clinical practice guideline is not include. Contains many (? 5) APA format errors. 4 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 3: Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation 3 pts Excellent Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors. 2 pts Good Contains a few (1 or 2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 1 pts Fair Contains several (3 or 4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 0 pts Poor Contains many (? 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding. 3 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 4: Appropriate medication is prescribed or changed. Rationale provided and includes current literature to support decision. All aspects of the patient history are considered in making the medication selection. 15 to >11.0 pts Excellent Medication selected is appropriate and considers all of the unique patient characteristics. Rationale for selection is clear, complete, and appropriate. 11 to >7.0 pts Good Medication selected might be appropriate but conflicts with the unique patient characteristics. Rationale for selection is clear but lacks discussion about potential prescribing issues. 7 to >3.0 pts Fair Medication selected is not appropriate for this patient unique characteristics. Rationale provided is not correct or is flawed in applying the medication to this patient. 3 to >0 pts Poor Medication selected is inappropriate or would not be provided based on patient unique characteristics. 15 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 4: Written medication orders include all 5 aspects required for a valid order. The order is complete, accurate, and appropriate. 3 pts Complete Written medication orders includes all 5 aspects required for a valid order. The order is complete, accurate, and appropriate. 0 pts Poor The prescription is incomplete. Aspects of a complete order are missing. The order is either incomplete, inaccurate, or inappropriate. 3 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 4: References for the scenario are within past 5 years and include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. 4 pts Excellent References for the scenario are within past 5 years and include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Correct APA format is used. 3 pts Good References for the scenario are within past 5 years but do not include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Contains a few (1 or 2) APA format errors. 2 pts Fair References for the scenario are not from within the past 5 years or do not reflect the content of this scenario and do not include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Contains several (3 or 4) APA format errors. 0 pts Poor No references are included. References do not reflect the content of this scenario. Appropriate clinical practice guideline is not include. Contains many (? 5) APA format errors. 4 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 4: Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation 3 pts Excellent Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors. 2 pts Good Contains a few (1 or 2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 1 pts Fair Contains several (3 or 4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 0 pts Poor Contains many (? 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding. 3 pts Total Points: 100 Required Readings Note: If you do not purchase Lecturio, please consult these resources for this week. Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2021). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurses and physician assistants (2nd ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 37, “Diuretics” (pp. 290-296) Chapter 38, “Drugs Acting on the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System” (pp. 297-307) Chapter 39, “Calcium Channel Blockers” (pp. 308-312) Chapter 40, “Vasodilators” (pp. 313-315) Chapter 41, “Drugs for Hypertension” (pp. 316-324) Chapter 42, “Drugs for Heart Failure” (pp. 325-336) Chapter 43, “Antidysrhythmic Drugs” (pp. 337-348) Chapter 45, “Drugs for Angina Pectoris” (pp. 364-371) Chapter 46, “Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Drugs” (pp. 372-388) Required Media Walden University. (2024). Grand rounds: Hypertension: Medication therapyLinks to an external site. [Webinar]. ON24. https://event.on24.com/wcc/r/4764066/95DEC2209492A9A21EDB89B154F9E6BF Lecturio Resources – Optional Review this week’s videos and content pages in the Lecturio Platform by clicking the button at the end of the page labeled Load Week 2: Learning Resources in a new window. Lecturio Subscription Process If you do not already have a subscription to the platform, you will first be taken to a payment screen where you will select the length of access you would like to purchase. Your program will provide the option to use Lecturio in three courses: NURS 6501 – Advanced Pathophysiology, NURS 6521 – Advanced Pharmacology, and NURS 6512 – Advanced Health Assessment and Diagnostic Reasoning. If you elect to utilize Lecturio, we recommend purchasing access for the length of time you will need complete these courses. The following resource will guide you through the subscription process: Subscription Process for Lecturio AccessLinks to an external site.. Optional Resources Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2021). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurses and physician assistants (2nd ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 44, “Prophylaxis of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease” (pp. 349-363) Note: Although this resource page displays as an Assignment, it will not be counted towards your final grade. Your progress through the Lecturio resources will be reported as a percentage in the gradebook that will only be used as reference. Week 2 WEEK 2: Cardiovascular System Class, In Week 2, we will continue our pharmacology journey and apply the concepts to the cardiovascular system. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics are the two branches of pharmacology. Remember, pharmacokinetics describes what the body does to the drug through absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), whereas pharmacodynamics describes what the drug does to the body. When selecting drugs and determining dosages for patients, it is essential to consider individual patient factors that might impact the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. These patient factors include genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, behavior (ie diet, nutrition, smoking, alcohol, illicit drug abuse), and/or pathophysiological changes due to disease. WEEK 2 ASSIGNMENT (covers weeks 1 & 2) Submit your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 1 (Sunday night, 11:59 pm ET). The week 2 assignment covers material from weeks 1 and 2. Directions: For each of the scenarios below, answer the questions using your required learning resources, Medscape, and clinical practice guidelines (ie AHA, ACC, ADA). When recommending medications, write out a complete prescription for each medication. What order would you send to a pharmacy? Include drug, dose, route, frequency, special instructions, # dispensed (days supply), refills etc. Also state if you would continue, discontinue or taper the patient’s current medications (if applicable). Use at least 3 sources for each scenario and cite sources using APA format. Review the grading rubric prior to your submission. Each scenario needs to be completed Scenario 1 What are the errors in the following prescriptions (1 per prescription)? Rewrite each prescription correctly. What is each medication classification? What is the mechanism of action (MOA)? metaprolol succinate ER 50 mg PO daily #30 1 RF amiodarone 75 mg PO daily #30 1 RF amlodipine/hydrochlorothiazide (Lotrel) 5 mg/12.5 mg PO daily #30 3RF hydralazine/isosorbide mononitrate (BiDil) 37.5 mg/20 mg PO every 8 hours #90 1 RF clonidine patch (Catapres-TTS-1) 0.1 mg/day apply one patch to skin and replace every 3 days #10 patches 0 RF SCENARIO 2 Does verapamil have a high or low first pass effect? Please discuss why this is important to know and how it relates to bioavailability. Define these two terms. What route has 100% bioavailability? In addition to parenterally, how can verapamil be given to counter the first pass effect? Write a sample prescription for this medication. SCENARIO 3 Where are the majority of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes located? Using the Medscape pill identifier, enter the following characteristics to identify the medication AND strength. What CYP enzyme metabolizes this medication? How can this information be applied to medication therapy management? Write a sample prescription for the identified medication and strength. What are goal cholesterol levels and (Coronary Artery Disease) CAD risk factors? Imprint (ATO 40) Shape (Oval) Color (White) Form (Tablet) Scoring (None) SCENARIO 4 RT is a 54-year-old female presenting with blood pressure today of 135/90 HR 80 RR 15. Her last visit to the clinic 3 months ago shows a BP of 134/88. She is currently taking metformin 500 mg PO BID with meals, ibuprofen 600 mg PO TID for back pain, and duloxetine 60 mg PO daily. What is her goal blood pressure? What medication would you prescribe and how would you improve her treatment (include complete medication order)? What patient monitoring and education would you provide? This topic is closed for comments.

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!

Step 1 — Read Your Assigned Case Thoroughly

• Note age, comorbidities, current medications, vital signs, and lab values.

• Highlight red flags (drug interactions, contraindications, abnormal vitals).

• Identify the main disorder you are treating in each scenario.

Step 2 — Organize Your Work by Scenario

You must complete Scenario 1 through 4. Create clear section headings in your paper:

1. Scenario 1: Prescription Errors and Corrections

2. Scenario 2: First-Pass Effect & Verapamil

3. Scenario 3: CYP450 Enzyme Metabolism

4. Scenario 4: Hypertension Treatment Plan

Step 3 — Scenario 1 (Prescription Analysis)

• Identify 1 error in each given prescription.

• Rewrite each as a complete, correct prescription including:

  • Drug name

  • Strength

  • Route

  • Frequency

  • Special instructions (with meals, tapering, etc.)

  • Dispense quantity (days’ supply)

  • Number of refills

Example format:

Metoprolol succinate ER 50 mg tablet
Take 1 tablet by mouth once daily.
Dispense: 30 tablets
Refills: 1

Step 4 — Scenario 2 (First-Pass Effect)

• Define first-pass effect and bioavailability.

• Explain if verapamil has a high or low first-pass effect.

• State which routes avoid first-pass metabolism (IV = 100% bioavailability).

• Write a sample prescription for verapamil using the correct format.

Step 5 — Scenario 3 (CYP450 Enzymes)

• Locate the drug using Medscape Pill Identifier (ATO 40 = Atorvastatin 40 mg).

• State where CYP enzymes are located (mostly liver, some in intestines).

• Identify the main CYP enzyme that metabolizes atorvastatin (CYP3A4).

• Explain how this affects drug-drug interactions.

• Write a complete prescription for atorvastatin 40 mg.

• Summarize goal cholesterol levels and CAD risk factors.

Step 6 — Scenario 4 (Hypertension Management)

• Calculate this patient’s BP goal (<130/80 for diabetics per ADA/AHA guidelines).

• Consider her comorbidities (Type 2 DM, chronic NSAID use, SNRI use).

• Recommend a first-line antihypertensive (e.g., ACE inhibitor or ARB).

• Write the full prescription, and state whether you would continue/discontinue/taper any current meds.

• Include monitoring plan (BP logs, side effects, renal function, electrolytes).

• Provide patient education on lifestyle changes and when to seek care.

Step 7 — Reference and Format Correctly

• Use at least 3 scholarly or guideline-based references for each scenario.

• All references must be within the last 5 years.

• Cite using APA format (7th edition).

• Follow Strayer Writing Standards: 12-point font, double-spaced, 1-inch margins, page numbers, title page, headings.

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